Sweet potato flour (Ipomoea batatas) as natural antioxidant on carcass yield and meat physicochemical characteristics of Creole chickens of Mexico and Cobb 500.

Antioxidants are considered functional additives against oxidative stress since they avoid nutritional decline in the meat. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of sweet potato flour (SPF) as a natural antioxidant on carcass yield and physicochemical characteristics of Creole chickens of Mexico (CChM) and Cobb 500 broilers. In total, 210 chickens (105 CChM and 105 Cobb 500 chickens) were randomly assigned to three treatments: 0, 500, and 1000 mg of SPF kg-1 of feed. The Cobb 500 chickens showed higher carcass yield (hot and cold), breast, and breast fillet, whereas the CChM had higher thigh yield (P ≤ 0.05). The yield on the previously mentioned variables was not affected by the inclusion levels of SPF. The initial pH differed because of the effect of the chicken's genotype and the addition of SPF, which was higher on Cobb 500 chicken and on those that were not supplemented with SPF. The birds' skin that consumed SPF presented higher yellowness after 24 h (P ≤ 0.05). CChM manifested a higher dry matter and protein content and a lower content of ash and fat (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, Cobb 500 chickens present a higher carcass yield and its components, in addition to a less acid pH; however, CChM offer a higher nutritional contribution, whereas the 500 and 1000 mg addition of SPF increases the skin yellowness, which makes it an alterorganic as a pigment on broiler chicken production.

Physical Persistency across Game Quarters and during Consecutive Games in Elite Junior Basketball Players.

Given the intermittent nature of basketball and the different demands that occur during playing time that are specific to every level of competition, the ratio of accelerations/decelerations and the intensity level across quarters were evaluated in female elite junior basketball players (n = 48; age: 16.8 ± 0.7 years; height: 1.76 ± 0.07 cm; body mass: 67.2 ± 6.2 kg). The following variables were analyzed to determine physical persistency across game quarters:(a) total distance covered (m), (b) high-intensity running (HIR) (14-21 km·h-1) distance covered (m), (c) sprint (21-30 km·h-1) distance covered (m), (d) total accelerations (n), (e) total decelerations (n), (f) relative accelerations (n·min-1), (g) relative decelerations (n·min-1), (h) ratio of acceleration/deceleration (A/D), (i) total jumps (j) relative jumps (n·min-1) (k) player load (AU). using the WIMU PRO® system. Higher but shorter acceleration intensity occurred during the last quarters due to the tight results of the matches. The results suggest that high-intensity efforts such as sprints and HIR seem to increase the A/D ratio (guard and forward positions). Therefore, specific conditioning, as well as eccentric strength training, could be included by practitioners in training programs to improve the performance of these positions during competition, especially as a prior preparation to a game-congested event. Centers seem to have a more variable performance through quarters than do other positions, perhaps highlighting the need for specific conditioning strategies.

Comparison of linear and nonlinear models to estimate body weight of Pelibuey ewes from body measurements.

The aim of this study was to develop prediction equations for the body weight of Pelibuey ewes from body measurements comparing linear vs nonlinear models. A subsample of 197 ewes was scored for body weight (BW), rump length (RL), rump width (RW), height at withers (HW), chest girth (CG), chest width (CW), chest depth (CD), cannon bone perimeter (CP), and body length (BL). Pearson's correlation analysis was performed on a sub-data set from 197 ewes to estimate the relationship between body weight and body measurements. Multiple linear regressions were fitted to obtain prediction equations of body weight from the eight body measurements, and prediction equations were obtained from the body measurement that showed the highest correlation with body weight using five nonlinear models allometric, saturation growth, exponential, and incomplete gamma. Data from an independent subsample of 196 ewes was used to validate the equation with the best goodness of fit using linear regression analysis. CG was the body measurement that showed the highest correlation with BW, and based on multiple stepwise regression, in the equation BW = - 60.622 + 1.233CG explained 79% of the body weight variation. Moreover, BW prediction was more accurate when other measurements such CW, BL, and RW were added to the model generating to the equation BW = - 68.875 + 0.845CG + 0.866CW + 0.195BL + 0.601RW (R2 = 0.85, MSE = 15.51). In the case of nonlinear models, incomplete gamma and exponential models generated the equations with the best goodness of fit and precision: BW = 0.077CG1.108exp(0.016CG) (R2 = 0.82, MSE = 18.64) and BW = 3.5759exp(0.0292CG) (R2 = 0.82, MSE = 18.65) respectively.

Evaluation of a selected lactic acid bacteria-based probiotic on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization and intestinal permeability in broiler chickens.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of a lactic acid bacteria-based probiotic (FloraMax-B11®) against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis intestinal colonization and intestinal permeability in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 consisted of two independent trials. In each trial, day-old broiler chicks were assigned to one of two groups: control + S. Enteritidis or probiotic + S. Enteritidis. At 72 h post-S. Enteritidis challenge, haematology and caecal content were evaluated for S. Enteritidis colonization. In Experiment 2, day-old broiler chicks were assigned to one of four groups: negative control; probiotic; control + S. Enteritidis; or probiotic + S. Enteritidis. At 72 h post-S. Enteritidis challenge, chickens in all groups were given an oral gavage dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d). In both trials of Experiment 1, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in colony-forming units/gram of S. Enteritidis in caecal content and a reduction in the incidence of S. Enteritidis enriched caecal samples were observed in probiotic + S. Enteritidis chickens. In addition, significant heterophilia and lymphopaenia were observed in control + S. Enteritidis chickens. In Experiment 2, a decrease in numbers of S. Enteritidis in caeca were observed in probiotic + S. Enteritidis chickens when compared to control + S. Enteritidis. Also, an increase in serum FITC-d concentration was detected in control + S. Enteritidis. These results suggest that early infection with S. Enteritidis can increase intestinal permeability, but the adverse effects can be prevented by the administration of the probiotic tested.

Análisis cualitativo de los momentos críticos en baloncesto, la visión del jugador / Qualitative analysis of critical moments in basketball, the viewpoint of the player

El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido conocer el punto de vista que tiene el jugador sobre el concepto de momento crítico en baloncesto. Para ello, se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa, utilizando como técnica de investigación la entrevista semi-estructurada. Se entrevistaron a 8 jugadores de la liga A.C.B (Asociación de Clubes de Baloncesto) durante la temporada 2015/16, con más de 10 años de experiencia en liga y en sus respectivas selecciones nacionales. Los resultados indican que la muestra reconoce el factor de incertidumbre asociado al concepto de momento crítico, identifican los últimos minutos de partidos equilibrados como momento crítico del juego. Los jugadores señalan que la confianza es vital para afrontar el fenómeno y que la experiencia puede eliminar las tensiones que se puedan generar (AU)

The aim of the present work has been to know the point of view that the player has about the concept of the critical moment in basketball. For it, a qualitative investigation has been used, using the semi-structured interview. They were interviewed 8 players of the league A.C.B (Association of Clubs of Basketball) during the season 2015/16, with more than 10 years of experience in league and in his respective national teams. The results indicate that the sample recognizes the factor of uncertainty associated with the concept of critical moment, identify last minutes of games balanced as critical moment of the game. The players indicate that the confidence is vital to confront the phenomenon and that the experience may eliminate the tensions that could be generated (AU)

Bovine diseases causing neurological signs and death in Mexican feedlots.

The number of large feedlot operations, similar to that of USA and Canada, has notably increased in Mexico in the last three decades. Clinical and laboratory diagnoses of neurological diseases in feedlot cattle are crucial in Mexico and Central America because of the high incidence of bovine paralytic rabies (BPR). Because of its zoonotic potential, BPR must be promptly diagnosed and differentiated from other bovine neurological diseases such as thrombotic meningoencephalitis (TME), polioencephalomalacia (PEM) and botulism. More recently, BPR and botulism have been diagnosed with increasing frequency in Mexican feedlots. Neither BPR nor botulism has relevant gross lesions, thus post-mortem diagnosis without laboratory support is impossible. Herein, we describe five outbreaks of neurological diseases in Mexican feedlots in which BPR, botulism and PEM were diagnosed either independently or in combination. A diagram illustrating the most conspicuous pathologic findings and ancillary laboratory test required to confirm the diagnoses of these neurological diseases in feedlot cattle is proposed.

Morphological characterization of Pelibuey sheep in Colima, México.

A study was conducted with the objective to characterize the morphology of Pelibuey sheep in the state of Colima, Mexico. A total of 386 sheep were scored for 12 body measurements in addition to live weight and five racial and eight functional indices were calculated. The influence of sex on the body measurements and indices was analyzed, and morphological harmony was determined through Pearson correlation. The sexual dimorphism was 1.21, with males being 67 % heavier than females. Females and males had a high and moderate degree of harmony in their morphological model, respectively. Pelibuey sheep were dolichocephalous, tended to be medium- to large-sized according to the thoracic index, with a convex curve rump; they were a homogeneous breed, well adapted to environmental and production conditions of the state of Colima, Mexico, and show an undefined zootechnical aptitude and therefore a great potential to be oriented towards meat or milk production through genetic selection or terminal crossbreeding systems using specialized breeds.

¿Envenenamiento por consumo de Asclepias curassavica o nematodiasis gastrointestinal en ovinos en pastoreo? Hallazgos de un estudio de caso / Grazing sheep poisoned by milkweed Asclepias curassavica or gastrointestinal nematosis? A case report findings

A case study was conducted with the objective to describe and determine whether the occurrence of sheep poisoning was due to milkweed Asclepias curassavica or an acute case of gastrointestinal nematosis. Milkweed population and distribution as well as animal data such as grazing behavior and poisoning symptoms were collected in the field. A necropsy was carried out with the objective to describe histopathological findings in relation to the observed symptomatology and confirm poisoning diagnosis. Symptoms such as inability to stand, muscle paralysis, salivation, diarrhea, followed by facial edema and death, began when the animals grazed on native grass prairie with a scarcity of forage but a high density of A. curassavica. Nevertheless, the study of the grazing behavior in the area where there were intoxication cases showed only exploratory contacts between lambs and milkweed. Necropsy findings showed diffuse edema of the subcutaneous tissue (anasarca), serous fat atrophy, poor development of pale muscles, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, hydroperitoneum and abomasum containing blood, mucous, and abundant blood-sucking nematodes Haemonchus contortus with no evidence of poisoning. These findings indicated a severe mucohemorrhagic abomasum inflammation and generalized edema associated with a hypoproteinemia due to an acute haemonchosis as the cause of death.

Se realizó un estudio de caso con el objetivo de documentar la posible ocurrencia de envenenamiento por el consumo de Asclepias curassavica o de casos agudos de nematodiasis gastrointestinal en ovinos en pastoreo. Se registró la densidad de población, la ubicación espacial de la maleza y el tipo de vegetación; además, se observaron los hábitos de pastoreo del rebaño y la semiología mostrada por los ovinos afectados. Posteriormente se realizó una necropsia con la finalidad de describir hallazgos histopatológicos relacionados con la semiología observada, que confirmaran el diagnóstico de envenenamiento. El estudio de campo mostró que la aparición de signos característicos de envenenamiento, como incoordinación, parálisis muscular, salivación, diarrea, seguidos por edema facial y muerte, inició cuando los animales pastaban bajo condiciones propicias para la ingestión de la planta tóxica: mala oferta de forraje y abundante población de A. curassavica. El estudio de los hábitos de pastoreo en el área en que se presentaron los casos de intoxicación, sólo mostró acercamientos y consumos de A. curassavica de tipo exploratorio, mientras que la necropsia mostró un edema generalizado del tejido subcutáneo (anasarca) con atrofia serosa de la grasa y músculos pálidos con mal desarrollo, hidrotórax, hidropericardio, hidroperitoneo y abomaso con presencia abundante de sangre, moco y nematodos del género Haemonchus contortus sin evidencias de intoxicación. Se concluye que la muerte de los animales se debió a abomasitis mucohemorrágica severa difusa y edemas generalizados asociados con una hipoproteinemia causados por hemoncosis aguda.

Orientacions per a l'alimentació dels nadonsnascuts prematurament durant els primers mesosdesprés de l'alta / No disponible

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